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The concept of framing evolved with the growth of image processing capabilities. Different framing types, such as close-ups, wide shots, and detail shots, were first used by directors to focus on specific elements or convey characters' emotions.

The film "Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat Station" by the Lumière Brothers

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Rule of Thirds

The rule of thirds is a fundamental composition technique in which the frame is divided into nine equal parts using two horizontal and two vertical lines. The main idea is to place key elements of the scene or objects along these lines or at their intersections. This contributes to a more harmonious and aesthetic arrangement of objects in the frame. Besides the rule of thirds, other composition techniques such as the golden ratio, symmetry, and asymmetry help create expressive and interesting visual compositions.

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For a picture to be visually appealing, the viewer needs to read it clearly and quickly... without being distracted by secondary elements or confusion due to the lack of visual hierarchy. How to do that? We need to apply composition techniques that are almost all related to how our brain perceives visual stimuli. That's why it's important to use the Gestalt psychology principle of "figure-ground relationship." You need to separate the shooting object from the background.

Example:
Photograph by Henri Cartier-Bresson - a great example of strong FGR 

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We can also use the "principle of continuity" (Principle of Continuity), which allows the creation of beautiful arabesques with several objects. The gestalt principle of continuity asserts that we are more likely to focus on continuous and smooth lines (S-shaped or C-shaped lines), ignoring broken or jagged lines. This is because once our eyes start following something, they will continue to move in the given direction until they encounter another object or element.

Example:
Painting by Edgar Degas demonstrates an arabesque - a smooth curve

Concept of Dynamic Symmetry

In the context of framing in photography or film, "dynamic symmetry" can indicate preserving balance and harmony in an image or frame during movement or changing circumstances. This may involve aligning objects to create a sense of equilibrium in the frame even during dynamic events or motion.

Dynamic symmetry can manifest in the relationship between various objects, colors, textures, or compositional elements in the frame to create a balanced and expressive image. Utilizing this principle can help maintain the visual integrity and attractiveness of a photograph or video in conditions of changing scenes or motion.

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For instance, the fireplace is placed according to the rule of thirds (The rule of Thirds Grid lines up to the Mantel). We see that the line of the mantelpiece is positioned in full accordance with the rule of thirds. This means that Leibovitz, in this case, is not using the rule of thirds extensively. But wait, what about the poses of the models? How did she manage to create such a wonderful order in the frame with minimal use of horizontal and vertical active lines? Only three models in the bottom row are positioned according to the rule of thirds, but how are the rest arranged? What logic did Leibovitz use in placing hands, legs, dresses, and gazes? She did it deliberately. Now is the time to introduce the concept of dynamic symmetry.

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Photo by Annie Leibovitz 

The rule of thirds is the basis of a balanced and interesting frame

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Negative space can be successfully used to create a sense of isolation or loneliness, but otherwise, it becomes a disadvantage for a novice.

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Photographer Gregory Crewdson uses negative space to enhance the feeling of neglect.

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Lighting

In the context of videography, lighting plays a critical role in creating the desired visual impression. There are several primary types of lighting used in videography depending on the conditions, style, and effects to be achieved:

Natural Light

Daylight: Uses external light sources like the sun or sky. Natural light can provide the frame with authenticity and warmth.

Artificial Light

Compact Bulbs: Electric bulbs, such as LEDs, compact fluorescents, and halogen bulbs, can be used for low-light conditions or to create specific effects.

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 Check out an example of macro lens work with Laowa

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